Republic of Zandoria
Coat of Arms of the Republic of Zandoria
Zandoria Herald

The National Newspaper of the Republic — published daily at 02:00 UTC

Thursday, 21 May 2026 — Inaugural Edition № 1

Lesson 2

Greetings & personal pronouns

Saluton, mi, vi, and the verb esti (to be).

Listen & repeat

Basic greetings

Esperanto greetings are regular and polite by default. Use saluton at any time of day. Bonan tagon is more formal; good night is bonan nokton.

Examples

  • Saluton!Hello!Forvo
  • Bonan tagon!Good day!Forvo
  • Ĝis revido!Goodbye!Forvo
  • Dankon!Thank you!Forvo

Mi and vi

Personal pronouns never change form: mi (I), vi (you — singular or plural). The verb esti (to be) in the present always ends in -as: mi estas = I am, vi estas = you are.

Examples

  • Mi estas civitano.I am a citizen.Forvo
  • Vi estas amiko.You are a friend.Forvo
  • Mi legas la Heroldon.I read the Herald.Forvo

Vocabulary

WordMeaningListen & repeat
miIForvo
viyouForvo
estito beForvo
civitanocitizenForvo
amikofriendForvo
fartito fare / be doingForvo

Exercises

Exercise 1

I am a Zandorian citizen.

Exercise 2

How are you?

Exercise 3

Vi ___ amiko. (you are a friend)

Exercise 4

The present tense of esti is…

  1. estas
  2. estis
  3. estos

Exercise 5

Write: 'Hello! I am [name]. I read the Zandoria Herald.'

Try it yourself first — no auto marking for written answers.